The Hajj
Kaaba and pilgrims

The Pillars of Hajj

Understanding the Essential Elements of the Sacred Pilgrimage

The Four Pillars (Arkan)

Hajj is built upon four essential pillars (Arkan) that must be performed for the pilgrimage to be valid. These are the fundamental acts without which Hajj is incomplete. Missing any of these pillars means the Hajj is not accepted, and it must be repeated.

In addition to these pillars, there are obligatory acts (Wajibat) that must be performed, though missing them can be compensated with a sacrifice (dam). Understanding the difference between pillars and obligatory acts is crucial for every pilgrim.

The Four Essential Pillars

1

Ihram

The sacred state of purity and intention, marked by wearing special white garments and making the intention (niyyah) to perform Hajj.

Pilgrims enter Ihram at designated points called Miqat before entering Mecca. Men wear two white seamless cloths, while women wear modest clothing. Certain actions become prohibited in this state.

2

Standing at Arafah (Wuquf)

The most essential pillar of Hajj, standing in prayer and supplication at Mount Arafah on the 9th day of Dhul Hijjah.

This is the climax of Hajj. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Hajj is Arafah." Missing this standing invalidates the entire Hajj.

3

Tawaf al-Ifadah

The circumambulation of the Kaaba seven times, performed after returning from Muzdalifah on the day of Eid.

This is the main Tawaf of Hajj, also called Tawaf al-Ziyarah. It is one of the essential pillars that must be completed for Hajj to be valid.

4

Sa'i between Safa and Marwah

Walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, commemorating Hajar's search for water for her son Ismail.

This ritual honors the struggle of Prophet Ibrahim's wife Hajar and demonstrates trust in Allah's provision. It begins at Safa and ends at Marwah.

Obligatory Acts (Wajibat)

While not pillars, these obligatory acts are essential parts of Hajj. If any are missed, the pilgrim must offer a sacrifice (dam) as compensation, but the Hajj remains valid.

Ihram from Miqat

Entering the state of Ihram from the designated boundary points

Standing at Arafah until Sunset

Remaining at Arafah from noon until after sunset on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah

Spending the Night at Muzdalifah

Staying at Muzdalifah after leaving Arafah until after midnight

Spending Nights at Mina

Staying overnight at Mina during the days of Tashreeq (11th, 12th, and 13th)

Stoning the Jamarat

Throwing pebbles at the three pillars representing Satan's temptation

Shaving or Trimming Hair

Men shave or trim their hair, women cut a fingertip's length

Farewell Tawaf

The final circumambulation before leaving Mecca

Understanding the Difference

Pillars (Arkan)

  • Must be performed for Hajj to be valid
  • Cannot be compensated with sacrifice
  • Missing any pillar invalidates Hajj
  • Must be repeated if missed

Obligatory Acts

  • Should be performed but not pillars
  • Can be compensated with sacrifice (dam)
  • Hajj remains valid if missed
  • Requires expiation but not repetition

Important Notes for Pilgrims

Seek Knowledge: Before embarking on Hajj, it is essential to learn about these pillars and obligatory acts from qualified scholars or reliable sources.

Follow Guidance: Join organized Hajj groups with knowledgeable guides who can help ensure you perform all pillars and obligatory acts correctly.

Intention Matters: Perform each act with sincere intention and devotion, remembering that Hajj is a spiritual journey of submission to Allah.

Physical Preparation: Ensure you are physically capable of performing these acts, especially the standing at Arafah which can be physically demanding.